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HTML5 Boilerplate est un template HTML/CSS/JS de tueurs pour développer des sites rapides, robustes et éprouvés pour le futur.
Après plus de deux ans de développement itératif, vous avez à disposition les meilleures des meilleures pratiques concernant : la normalisation cross-browser, les optimisations de performance mais également des fonctionnalités optionnelles comme l'Ajax cross-domain ou Flash. Un fichier .htaccess de base pour Apache vous fournit d'emblée les règles nécessaires pour la mise en cache et prépare votre site à servir des vidéos HTML5, utiliser @font-face, et active le gzip automatique.
Boilerplate n'est pas un framework, il ne vous force dans aucune philosophe de développement, il contient juste de bonnes astuces pour que votre projet démarre rapidement et du bon pied.
Télécharger Boilerplate v0.9.5 Updated Oct 26th
Boilerplate documented Garder les astuces et les liens ou Boilerplate "stripped" Pas de blabla, juste le truc
<!doctype html>
<!-- paulirish.com/2008/conditional-stylesheets-vs-css-hacks-answer-neither/ -->
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie6"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 7 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie7"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 8 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie8"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if IE 9 ]> <html lang="en" class="no-js ie9"> <![endif]-->
<!--[if (gt IE 9)|!(IE)]><!--> <html lang="en" class="no-js"> <!--<![endif]-->
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<!-- Always force latest IE rendering engine (even in intranet) & Chrome Frame
Remove this if you use the .htaccess -->
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1">
<title></title>
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<!-- Mobile viewport optimized: j.mp/bplateviewport -->
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<!-- Place favicon.ico & apple-touch-icon.png in the root of your domain and delete these references -->
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/favicon.ico">
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/apple-touch-icon.png">
<!-- CSS : implied media="all" -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="css/style.css?v=2">
<!-- Uncomment if you are specifically targeting less enabled mobile browsers
<link rel="stylesheet" media="handheld" href="css/handheld.css?v=2"> -->
<!-- All JavaScript at the bottom, except for Modernizr which enables HTML5 elements & feature detects -->
<script src="js/libs/modernizr-1.6.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div id="container">
<header>
</header>
<div id="main">
</div>
<footer>
</footer>
</div> <!--! end of #container -->
<!-- Javascript at the bottom for fast page loading -->
<!-- Grab Google CDN's jQuery. fall back to local if necessary -->
<script src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.js"></script>
<script>!window.jQuery && document.write(unescape('%3Cscript src="js/libs/jquery-1.4.2.js"%3E%3C/script%3E'))</script>
<!-- scripts concatenated and minified via ant build script -->
<script src="js/plugins.js"></script>
<script src="js/script.js"></script>
<!-- end concatenated and minified scripts -->
<!--[if lt IE 7 ]>
<script src="js/libs/dd_belatedpng.js"></script>
<script> DD_belatedPNG.fix('img, .png_bg'); //fix any <img> or .png_bg background-images </script>
<![endif]-->
<!-- yui profiler and profileviewer - remove for production -->
<script src="js/profiling/yahoo-profiling.min.js"></script>
<script src="js/profiling/config.js"></script>
<!-- end profiling code -->
<!-- asynchronous google analytics: mathiasbynens.be/notes/async-analytics-snippet
change the UA-XXXXX-X to be your site's ID -->
<script>
var _gaq = [['_setAccount', 'UA-XXXXX-X'], ['_trackPageview']];
(function(d, t) {
var g = d.createElement(t),
s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0];
g.async = true;
g.src = ('https:' == location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';
s.parentNode.insertBefore(g, s);
})(document, 'script');
</script>
</body>
</html>
/*
HTML5 ✰ Boilerplate
style.css contains a reset, font normalization and some base styles.
credit is left where credit is due.
much inspiration was taken from these projects:
yui.yahooapis.com/2.8.1/build/base/base.css
camendesign.com/design/
praegnanz.de/weblog/htmlcssjs-kickstart
*/
/*
html5doctor.com Reset Stylesheet (Eric Meyer's Reset Reloaded + HTML5 baseline)
v1.4 2009-07-27 | Authors: Eric Meyer & Richard Clark
html5doctor.com/html-5-reset-stylesheet/
*/
html, body, div, span, object, iframe,
h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre,
abbr, address, cite, code,
del, dfn, em, img, ins, kbd, q, samp,
small, strong, sub, sup, var,
b, i,
dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li,
fieldset, form, label, legend,
table, caption, tbody, tfoot, thead, tr, th, td,
article, aside, canvas, details, figcaption, figure,
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section, summary,
time, mark, audio, video {
margin:0;
padding:0;
border:0;
outline:0;
font-size:100%;
vertical-align:baseline;
background:transparent;
}
article, aside, details, figcaption, figure,
footer, header, hgroup, menu, nav, section {
display:block;
}
nav ul { list-style:none; }
blockquote, q { quotes:none; }
blockquote:before, blockquote:after,
q:before, q:after { content:''; content:none; }
a { margin:0; padding:0; font-size:100%; vertical-align:baseline; background:transparent; }
ins { background-color:#ff9; color:#000; text-decoration:none; }
mark { background-color:#ff9; color:#000; font-style:italic; font-weight:bold; }
del { text-decoration: line-through; }
abbr[title], dfn[title] { border-bottom:1px dotted; cursor:help; }
/* tables still need cellspacing="0" in the markup */
table { border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0; }
hr { display:block; height:1px; border:0; border-top:1px solid #ccc; margin:1em 0; padding:0; }
input, select { vertical-align:middle; }
/* END RESET CSS */
/* fonts.css from the YUI Library: developer.yahoo.com/yui/
Refer to developer.yahoo.com/yui/3/cssfonts/ for font sizing percentages
There are three custom edits:
* remove arial, helvetica from explicit font stack
* we normalize monospace styles ourselves
* table font-size is reset in the HTML5 reset above so there is no need to repeat
*/
body { font:13px/1.231 sans-serif; *font-size:small; } /* hack retained to preserve specificity */
select, input, textarea, button { font:99% sans-serif; }
/* normalize monospace sizing
* en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MediaWiki_talk:Common.css/Archive_11#Teletype_style_fix_for_Chrome
*/
pre, code, kbd, samp { font-family: monospace, sans-serif; }
/*
* minimal base styles
*/
body, select, input, textarea {
/* #444 looks better than black: twitter.com/H_FJ/statuses/11800719859 */
color: #444;
/* set your base font here, to apply evenly */
/* font-family: Georgia, serif; */
}
/* Headers (h1,h2,etc) have no default font-size or margin,
you'll want to define those yourself. */
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6 { font-weight: bold; }
/* always force a scrollbar in non-IE */
html { overflow-y: scroll; }
/* Accessible focus treatment: people.opera.com/patrickl/experiments/keyboard/test */
a:hover, a:active { outline: none; }
a, a:active, a:visited { color: #607890; }
a:hover { color: #036; }
ul, ol { margin-left: 1.8em; }
ol { list-style-type: decimal; }
/* Remove margins for navigation lists */
nav ul, nav li { margin: 0; }
small { font-size: 85%; }
strong, th { font-weight: bold; }
td, td img { vertical-align: top; }
sub { vertical-align: sub; font-size: smaller; }
sup { vertical-align: super; font-size: smaller; }
pre {
padding: 15px;
/* www.pathf.com/blogs/2008/05/formatting-quoted-code-in-blog-posts-css21-white-space-pre-wrap/ */
white-space: pre; /* CSS2 */
white-space: pre-wrap; /* CSS 2.1 */
white-space: pre-line; /* CSS 3 (and 2.1 as well, actually) */
word-wrap: break-word; /* IE */
}
textarea { overflow: auto; } /* thnx ivannikolic! www.sitepoint.com/blogs/2010/08/20/ie-remove-textarea-scrollbars/ */
.ie6 legend, .ie7 legend { margin-left: -7px; } /* thnx ivannikolic! */
/* align checkboxes, radios, text inputs with their label
by: Thierry Koblentz tjkdesign.com/ez-css/css/base.css */
input[type="radio"] { vertical-align: text-bottom; }
input[type="checkbox"] { vertical-align: bottom; }
.ie7 input[type="checkbox"] { vertical-align: baseline; }
.ie6 input { vertical-align: text-bottom; }
/* hand cursor on clickable input elements */
label, input[type=button], input[type=submit], button { cursor: pointer; }
/* webkit browsers add a 2px margin outside the chrome of form elements */
button, input, select, textarea { margin: 0; }
/* colors for form validity */
input:valid, textarea:valid { }
input:invalid, textarea:invalid {
border-radius: 1px;
-moz-box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
-webkit-box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
box-shadow: 0px 0px 5px red;
}
.no-boxshadow input:invalid,
.no-boxshadow textarea:invalid { background-color: #f0dddd; }
/* These selection declarations have to be separate.
No text-shadow: twitter.com/miketaylr/status/12228805301
Also: hot pink. */
::-moz-selection{ background: #FF5E99; color:#fff; text-shadow: none; }
::selection { background:#FF5E99; color:#fff; text-shadow: none; }
/* j.mp/webkit-tap-highlight-color */
a:link { -webkit-tap-highlight-color: #FF5E99; }
/* make buttons play nice in IE:
www.viget.com/inspire/styling-the-button-element-in-internet-explorer/ */
button { width: auto; overflow: visible; }
/* bicubic resizing for non-native sized IMG:
code.flickr.com/blog/2008/11/12/on-ui-quality-the-little-things-client-side-image-resizing/ */
.ie7 img { -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic; }
/*
* Non-semantic helper classes
*/
/* for image replacement */
.ir { display: block; text-indent: -999em; overflow: hidden; background-repeat: no-repeat; text-align: left; direction: ltr; }
/* Hide for both screenreaders and browsers
css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Screenreader_Visibility */
.hidden { display: none; visibility: hidden; }
/* Hide only visually, but have it available for screenreaders
www.webaim.org/techniques/css/invisiblecontent/ & j.mp/visuallyhidden */
.visuallyhidden { position: absolute !important;
clip: rect(1px 1px 1px 1px); /* IE6, IE7 */
clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); }
/* Hide visually and from screenreaders, but maintain layout */
.invisible { visibility: hidden; }
/* >> The Magnificent CLEARFIX: Updated to prevent margin-collapsing on child elements << j.mp/bestclearfix */
.clearfix:before, .clearfix:after {
content: "\0020"; display: block; height: 0; visibility: hidden;
}
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
/* Fix clearfix: blueprintcss.lighthouseapp.com/projects/15318/tickets/5-extra-margin-padding-bottom-of-page */
.clearfix { zoom: 1; }
/* Primary Styles
Author:
*/
/*
* Media queries for responsive design
* These follow after primary styles so they will successfully override.
*/
@media all and (orientation:portrait) {
/* Style adjustments for portrait mode goes here */
}
@media all and (orientation:landscape) {
/* Style adjustments for landscape mode goes here */
}
/* Grade-A Mobile Browsers (Opera Mobile, iPhone Safari, Android Chrome)
Consider this: www.cloudfour.com/css-media-query-for-mobile-is-fools-gold/ */
@media screen and (max-device-width: 480px) {
/* Uncomment if you don't want iOS and WinMobile to mobile-optimize the text for you
j.mp/textsizeadjust
html { -webkit-text-size-adjust:none; -ms-text-size-adjust:none; } */
}
/*
* print styles
* inlined to avoid required HTTP connection www.phpied.com/delay-loading-your-print-css/
*/
@media print {
* { background: transparent !important; color: #444 !important; text-shadow: none !important; }
a, a:visited { color: #444 !important; text-decoration: underline; }
a:after { content: " (" attr(href) ")"; }
abbr:after { content: " (" attr(title) ")"; }
.ir a:after { content: ""; } /* Don't show links for images */
pre, blockquote { border: 1px solid #999; page-break-inside: avoid; }
thead { display: table-header-group; } /* css-discuss.incutio.com/wiki/Printing_Tables */
tr, img { page-break-inside: avoid; }
@page { margin: 0.5cm; }
p, h2, h3 { orphans: 3; widows: 3; }
h2, h3{ page-break-after: avoid; }
}
/* Author: */
// remap jQuery to $
(function($){
})(this.jQuery);
// usage: log('inside coolFunc',this,arguments);
// paulirish.com/2009/log-a-lightweight-wrapper-for-consolelog/
window.log = function(){
log.history = log.history || []; // store logs to an array for reference
log.history.push(arguments);
if(this.console){
console.log( Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments) );
}
};
// catch all document.write() calls
(function(doc){
var write = doc.write;
doc.write = function(q){
log('document.write(): ',arguments);
if (/docwriteregexwhitelist/.test(q)) write.apply(doc,arguments);
};
})(document);
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE cross-domain-policy SYSTEM "http://www.adobe.com/xml/dtds/cross-domain-policy.dtd">
<cross-domain-policy>
<!-- Read this: www.adobe.com/devnet/articles/crossdomain_policy_file_spec.html -->
<!-- Most restrictive policy: -->
<site-control permitted-cross-domain-policies="none"/>
<!-- Least restrictive policy: -->
<!--
<site-control permitted-cross-domain-policies="all"/>
<allow-access-from domain="*" to-ports="*" secure="false"/>
<allow-http-request-headers-from domain="*" headers="*" secure="false"/>
-->
<!--
If you host a crossdomain.xml file with allow-access-from domain=“*”
and don’t understand all of the points described here, you probably
have a nasty security vulnerability. ~ simon willison
-->
</cross-domain-policy>
# www.robotstxt.org/ # www.google.com/support/webmasters/bin/answer.py?hl=en&answer=156449 User-agent: *
# Apache configuration file
# httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/quickreference.html
# Techniques in here adapted from all over, including:
# Kroc Camen: camendesign.com/.htaccess
# perishablepress.com/press/2006/01/10/stupid-htaccess-tricks/
# Force the latest IE version, in various cases when it may fall back to IE7 mode
# github.com/rails/rails/commit/123eb25#commitcomment-118920
# Use ChromeFrame if it's installed for a better experience for the poor IE folk
<IfModule mod_setenvif.c>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
BrowserMatch MSIE ie
Header set X-UA-Compatible "IE=Edge,chrome=1" env=ie
</IfModule>
</IfModule>
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
#
# Because X-UA-Compatible isn't sent to non-IE (to save header bytes),
# We need to inform proxies that content changes based on UA
#
Header append Vary User-Agent
# Cache control is set only if mod_headers is enabled, so that's unncessary to declare
</IfModule>
# hacks.mozilla.org/2009/07/cross-site-xmlhttprequest-with-cors/
# Disabled. Uncomment to serve cross-domain ajax requests
#<IfModule mod_headers.c>
# Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
#</IfModule>
#
# allow access from all domains for webfonts
# alternatively you could only whitelist
# your subdomains like "sub.domain.com"
#
<FilesMatch "\.(ttf|otf|eot|woff|font.css)$">
<IfModule mod_headers.c>
Header set Access-Control-Allow-Origin "*"
</IfModule>
</FilesMatch>
# video
AddType video/ogg ogg ogv
AddType video/mp4 mp4
AddType video/webm webm
# Proper svg serving. Required for svg webfonts on iPad
# twitter.com/FontSquirrel/status/14855840545
AddType image/svg+xml svg svgz
AddEncoding gzip svgz
# webfonts
AddType application/vnd.ms-fontobject eot
AddType font/truetype ttf
AddType font/opentype otf
AddType font/woff woff
# assorted types
AddType image/vnd.microsoft.icon ico
AddType image/webp webp
AddType text/cache-manifest manifest
AddType text/x-component htc
AddType application/x-chrome-extension crx
#
# allow concatenation from within specific js and css files
#
# e.g. Inside of script.combined.js you could have
#
# <!--#include file="jquery-1.4.2.js" -->
# <!--#include file="jquery.idletimer.js" -->
#
# and they would be included into this single file
#
#
#
# this is not in use in the boilerplate as it stands. you may
# choose to name your files in this way for this advantage
# or concatenate and minify them manually.
#
# Disabled by default.
# <FilesMatch "\.combined\.(js|css)$">
# Options +Includes
# SetOutputFilter INCLUDES
# </FilesMatch>
# gzip compression.
<IfModule mod_deflate.c>
# html, txt, css, js, json, xml, htc:
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html text/plain text/css application/json
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/javascript application/javascript application/x-javascript
AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml application/xml text/x-component
# webfonts and svg:
<FilesMatch "\.(ttf|otf|eot|svg)$" >
SetOutputFilter DEFLATE
</FilesMatch>
</IfModule>
#
# these are pretty far-future expires headers
# they assume you control versioning with cachebusting query params like
#
# <script src="application.js?20100608">
#
# additionally, consider that outdated proxies may miscache
#
# www.stevesouders.com/blog/2008/08/23/revving-filenames-dont-use-querystring/
#
# if you don't use filenames to version, lower the css and js to something like
# "access plus 1 week" or so
#
<IfModule mod_expires.c>
Header set Cache-Control "public"
ExpiresActive on
# Perhaps better to whitelist expires rules? Perhaps.
ExpiresDefault "access plus 1 month"
# cache.manifest needs re-requests in FF 3.6 (thx Remy ~Introducing HTML5)
ExpiresByType text/cache-manifest "access plus 0 seconds"
# your document html
ExpiresByType text/html "access plus 0 seconds"
# data
ExpiresByType text/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType application/xml "access plus 0 seconds"
ExpiresByType application/json "access plus 0 seconds"
# rss feed
ExpiresByType application/rss+xml "access plus 1 hour"
# favicon (cannot be renamed)
ExpiresByType image/vnd.microsoft.icon "access plus 1 week"
# media: images, video, audio
ExpiresByType image/gif "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/png "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/jpg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/jpeg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType video/ogg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType audio/ogg "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType video/mp4 "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType video/webm "access plus 1 month"
# webfonts
ExpiresByType font/truetype "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType font/opentype "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType font/woff "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType image/svg+xml "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/vnd.ms-fontobject "access plus 1 month"
# css and javascript
ExpiresByType text/css "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType application/javascript "access plus 1 month"
ExpiresByType text/javascript "access plus 1 month"
</IfModule>
#
# Since we're sending far-future expires, we don't need ETags for
# static content.
#
# developer.yahoo.com/performance/rules.html#etags
FileETag None
# Allow cookies to be set from iframes (for IE only)
# If needed, uncomment and specify a path or regex in the Location directive
# <IfModule mod_headers.c>
# <Location />
# Header set P3P "policyref=\"/w3c/p3p.xml\", CP=\"IDC DSP COR ADM DEVi TAIi PSA PSD IVAi IVDi CONi HIS OUR IND CNT\""
# </Location>
# </IfModule>
# you probably want www.example.com to forward to example.com -- shorter URLs are sexier.
# no-www.org/faq.php?q=class_b
<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on
RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.+)$ [NC]
RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://%1/$1 [R=301,L]
</IfModule>
# without -MultiViews, Apache will give a 404 for a rewrite if a folder of the same name does not exist
# e.g. /blog/hello : webmasterworld.com/apache/3808792.htm
Options -MultiViews
# -Indexes will have Apache block users from browsing folders without a default document
# Options -Indexes
# custom 404 page
ErrorDocument 404 /404.html
# use utf-8 encoding for anything served text/plain or text/html
AddDefaultCharset utf-8
# force utf-8 for a number of file formats
AddCharset utf-8 .html .css .js .xml .json .rss
# We don't need to tell everyone we're apache.
ServerSignature Off
Ou lisez cette bonne explication sur les 20 snippets que vous devriez utiliser.
<!--[if IE]><meta http-equiv="imagetoolbar" content="no" /><![endif]-->
"apple-touch-icon-precomposed"rel="prefetch" for documents to pre-fetch.
Commentaires
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